§ Fasciculus Cuneatus (UL): found only at upper thoracic & cervical level of SC § Fasciculus Gracillis (LL): found at all level of SC § Discriminative touch, joint position sense, vibratory and pressure sensation from the ■ Dorsal Column – Medial Lemniscal System (DC): (3 neurons) Hyperreflexia, spastic paralysis & Babinski sign present ( extension of toes ) § UMN has net inhibitory effect on reflex therefore in UMN lesion, there is Motor ( 2 neurons ) Sensory ( 3 neurons ) UMN (upper motor neurons) LMN (lower motor neurons)Īxon of LMN in spinal cord exit in Ventral Lateral Corticospinal Tract Dorsal column Anterolateral Α & γ motorneurons Present b/w T1 to L2 only
Cell bodies, their dendrites & - Ascending & Descending tractsĭorsal Horn (Sensory) Ventral Horn (Motor) Intermediate Horn (Cerebellar tract). Other small parts are Basal ganglia, Thalamus, § Important parts of our brain – Cerebral cortex, Brain stem (Mid brain, PonsĪnd Medulla) and Cerebellum. Involvement of CN in cerebral cortex lesion is contralateral and ipsilateral in § As I mentioned above cerebral cortex control opposite side of our body, § LMN lesion – flaccid paralysis, usually ipsilateral § UMN lesion – spastic paralysis, usually contralateral These nuclei work as LMN for those CN and their control (cerebral cortex) § For Cranial Nerves (CN), most of the CN nuclei are located in brain stem so Cerebellar fibers cross midline twice soĬerebellar lesion produce Ipsilateral (same side) defect. So any lesion to our brain produce Contralateral (opposite side) defect.Įxception to this rule is cerebellum. § No matter which fibers, both cross midline so our brainĬontrol opposite side of our body! Right side of brain control left side of body! Motor fibers are always efferent (goes away from brain) § Our cortex send information to different part of body to do their function so § Our body send sensation to our cortex so sensory fibers are always afferent § Our cerebral cortex has an ultimate control on over body! § Neural tube form – skeletal motor neurons & Pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons § Neural Crest form – Adrenal medulla, Primary sensory neurons & Post-ganglionicĪutonomic neurons Produce bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia Remnant of Rathke’s pouch forms Craniopharyngioma that compress Optic chiasm and § Anterior Pituitary gland – is an outgrowth of oral ectoderm. Ventricle forms from both metencephalon & myelencephalon] § Hindbrain – Metencephalon & Myelencephalon [4th 
Olfactory bulb] & Diencephalon § Forebrain – Telencephalon [Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, Lateral ventricles & Index 1 Anatomy 2 2 Physiology 34 3 Biochemistry 69 4 Cell Biology 85 5 Genetics 94 6 Microbiology 98 7 Immunology 132 8 Biostatistics 144 9 Behavior Science 146 10 Pharmacology 155 11 Pathology 190 12 Buzzwords for USMLE 242 Anatomy - Brain
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